US Imports by Country and Goods

Explore how tariff scenarios and different elasticity assumptions affect US imports and tariff revenue.

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Tariff scenario

Elasticity assumptions

7–10 years to long run
Defaults follow Boehm, Levchenko, and Pandalai-Nayar (2023): short-run elasticity −0.76, long-run elasticity −2.0. The benchmark uses a 3-year half-life, which puts the adjustment in the 7–10 year range.
How the model works
\[ \begin{aligned} t_{F,c} &= \text{reciprocal rate} \times t_{US,c} \\ \text{size share}_c &= \frac{\text{expenditure}_c}{\text{total expenditure}} \\ \text{size-adjusted foreign tariff} &= \text{size share}_c \times t_{F,c} \\ \ln(P_{world,c}) &= -0.5\,(t_{US,c} + \text{size-adjusted } t_{F,c}) + 0.5\,\min(t_{US,c}, \text{size-adjusted } t_{F,c}) \\ \text{Imports}_{c,h} &= \text{baseline imports}_c \times P_{world,c} \times (1+t_{US,c})^{\varepsilon_h} \times (1+t_{F,c})^{\varepsilon_h} \\ \varepsilon(y) &= \varepsilon_{SR} + (\varepsilon_{LR} - \varepsilon_{SR})\left[1 - e^{-\ln(2)\,y/\text{half-life}}\right] \end{aligned} \]

Foreign tariffs reduce import demand directly and also affect the world-price term. Tariff revenue is shown as a share of the $4.92 trillion in US federal receipts recorded for FY2024. Biden-era / COVID uses the General Rate column from Covid_Biden.csv; the announced-rates option uses the Liberation Day file's Column 2 Rate of Duty values as the proposed high-rate scenario. Citation: Boehm, Levchenko, and Pandalai-Nayar (2023), “The Long and Short (Run) of Trade Elasticities,” American Economic Review 113 (4): 861–905.

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